Robust Vegetation Parameterization for Green Roofs in the EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

In increasingly expanding cities, roofs are still largely unused areas to counteract the negative impacts of urbanization on water balance and reduce flooding. To estimate effect green as a sustainable low impact development (LID) technique building scale, different approaches predict runoff carried out. hydrological modelling, representing vegetation feedback evapotranspiration (ET) is considered challenging. this research article, focus improving representation coupled soil–vegetation system roofs. Relevant data calibrate validate model representations were obtained from an existing field campaign comprising several roof test plots with characteristics. A model, utilizing both Penman–Monteith equation ET software EPA stormwater management (SWMM) calculate runoff, was set up. Through application automatic calibration procedure, we demonstrate that modelling approach (Kling–Gupta efficiency KGE = 0.88) outperforms standard in SWMM (KGE ?0.35), whilst providing consistent robust parameter across all configurations. Moreover, through global sensitivity analysis, changes parameters quantified order aid modelers simplifying their parameterization SWMM. Finally, improved using various recommendations presented.